Конфиденциальность в эпоху дистанционного зондирования стихийных бедствий в Австралии и Индонезии

Спутники все чаще используются для дистанционного зондирования Земли во время стихийных бедствий, что вызывает тревогу в отношении нарушения конфиденциальности данных частных лиц. Несмотря на существование международных документов, таких как Договор о космосе, Принципы, касающиеся дистанционного зондирования Земли из космического пространства, и Международная хартия по космосу и крупным катастрофам, не существует конкретных правил, касающихся неправомерного использования спутников, ведущего к нарушению конфиденциальности. В настоящей статье рассматривается существующее правовое регулирование использования спутников и конфиденциальности данных в Австралии и Индонезии, странах, часто подвергаемых стихийным бедствиям, с целью определения готовности правопорядка разрешать вопросы конфиденциальности данных. Посредством проведения сравнительного анализа обоих правопорядков и международного права в статье подчеркиваются существующие правовые пробелы, которые влияют на применимость и эффективность действия норм. Авторы полагают, что нормы международного права по использованию спутников для дистанционного зондирования, как правило, не имеют обязательной силы и не касаются проблемы нарушения конфиденциальности. В обеих странах также отсутствуют конкретные правовые нормы для устранения нарушений конфиденциальности, вызванных неправильным использованием спутников во время стихийных бедствий. В условиях отсутствия недвусмысленных и конкретных норм международного права авторы считают, что страны могли бы полагаться на национальное право, возможно, частично пересмотрев некоторые его нормы, для решения потенциальных проблем конфиденциальности в связи с развитием возможностей дистанционного зондирования. Установление национальных условий и ограничений на осуществление космической деятельности, включая положения о конфиденциальности, можно было бы обосновать применением статьи VI Договора о космосе, требующей от государств санкционировать и обеспечивать непрерывный надзор за деятельностью неправительственных организаций в космическом пространстве. Существующее космическое законодательство о страховании ответственности также можно было бы расширить, включив в него положения о неприкосновенности частной жизни.

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