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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diright</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Digital Law Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цифровое право</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2686-9136</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Maxim Inozemtsev</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.38044/2686-9136-2021-2-4-40-50</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diright-74</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Smart-Contracts in the digital economy: Contractual regulation and dispute resolution</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Смарт-контракты в цифровой экономике: договорное регулирование и разрешение споров</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1148-4552</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синицын</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinitsyn</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Синицын С. А. — доктор юридических наук, профессор, заместитель директора, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела гражданского законодательства и процесса</p><p>117218, Россия, Москва, ул. Б. Черемушкинская, 34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei A. Sinitsyn — Dr. Sci. in Law, Professor, Leading Researcher, Department of Civil Legislation and Procedure</p><p>34, B. Cheremushkinskaya st., Moscow, Russia, 117218</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">synss@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дьяконова</surname><given-names>М. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Diakonova</surname><given-names>M. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дьяконова М. О. — кандидат юридических наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела гражданского законодательства и процесса</p><p>117218, Россия, Москва, ул. Б. Черемушкинская, 34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria O. Diakonova — Ph. D. In Law, Senior Researcher, Department of Civil Legislation and Procedure</p><p>34, B. Cheremushkinskaya st., Moscow, Russia, 117218</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dolovamaria@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2477-4062</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чурсина</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chursina</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чурсина Т. И. — научный сотрудник отдела конституционного, административного, уголовного законодательства зарубежных стран и международного права</p><p>117218, Россия, Москва, ул. Б. Черемушкинская, 34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana I. Chursina — Researcher, Department of the Constitutional, Administrative, Criminal Legislation of Foreign Countries and International Law</p><p>34, B. Cheremushkinskaya st., Moscow, Russia, 117218</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatyanachursina@hotmail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт законодательства и сравнительного правоведения при Правительстве Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Sinitsyn S.A., Diakonova M.O., Chursina T.I., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Синицын С.А., Дьяконова М.О., Чурсина Т.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sinitsyn S.A., Diakonova M.O., Chursina T.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.digitallawjournal.org/jour/article/view/74">https://www.digitallawjournal.org/jour/article/view/74</self-uri><abstract><p>This article has been prepared for the research purpose of identifying, disclosing, and justifying certain trends in the development of civil law and procedures in the context of the spread of smart contract practices and the expansion of their spheres of application. At the moment, there is no uniform approach to choosing an optimal form for the legal regulation of smart contracts within the system of contract law in modern legal systems or international law; meanwhile, globalization and the digitalization of the economy imply the growth of cross-border transactions. The emergence of smart contracts is due to the development of e-commerce, in which the parties’ interactions are carried out electronically instead of in physical exchanges or direct physical contact. Smart contracts gaining popularity in circulation are based on two interrelated elements: firstly, they eliminate a person’s direct participation in some or all cases of executing the agreement using an automated code designed for execution without reference to the intentions of the contracting parties after publication; secondly, they make use of decentralized blockchain technology, and also provide automatic code execution without any party’s potential intervention, so as to eliminate or reduce the self-control and third-party control of the commitment.</p><p>This study examines the content, conclusion, validity, protection of rights and legitimate interests of the parties, interpretation, and legal nature of smart contracts. The research materials used foreign experience in resolving disputes from smart contracts on digital platforms (Kleros, JUR, Aragon Network Justice, OpenCourt, OpenBazaar), as well as domestic and foreign literature on smart contracts. This research has been prepared based on general (deduction, dialectical analysis, intersectoral relations of objects) and specialized (comparative-legal, economic-legal) methods of scientific experimentation.</p><p>The authors conclude that there are no grounds for considering a smart contract as a new classification element of the system of contractual regulation (type or kind of contract). In addition, the analysis shows that the resolution of smart contract disputes through digital platforms remains radically uncertain, and currently is not creating obvious advantages in comparison with traditional judicial proceedings.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательской целью подготовленной статьи является выявление и обоснование места смарт-контракта в системе гражданского права, определение преимуществ и недостатков арбитража возникающих из смарт-контракта споров в сравнении с судебным разбирательством. На текущий момент в правовых системах современности и в международном праве не сложилось единообразных подходов к выбору оптимальной формы правового регулирования смарт-контрактов в системе договорного права, в то время как глобализация и цифровизация экономики предполагают рост трансграничных транзакций. Появление смарт-контрактов обусловлено развитием электронной коммерции, в которой взаимодействие сторон осуществляется электронным способом вместо физического обмена или непосредственного физического контакта. Набирающие популярность в обороте смарт-контракты основаны на двух взаимосвязанных элементах. Во-первых, ими устраняется непосредственное участие человека в части или во всех случаях исполнения соглашения, используется автоматизированный код, предназначенный для исполнения без ссылки на намерения договаривающихся сторон после публикации. Во-вторых, для устранения или уменьшения самоконтроля и контроля третьей стороны за обязательством они используют децентрализованную технологию цепочки блоков, а также обеспечивают автоматическое выполнение кода без потенциального вмешательства какой-либо стороны.</p><p>В ходе исследования рассматриваются вопросы о содержании, заключении, действительности, защите прав и законных интересов сторон, толковании, правовой природе смарт-контрактов. В качестве материалов исследования использовались зарубежный опыт разрешения споров из смарт-контрактов на цифровых платформах (Kleros, JUR, Aragon Network Jurity, OpenCourt и OpenBazaar), отечественная и зарубежная литература, посвященная смарт-контрактам. В основу подготовленного исследования положены общие (дедукции, диалектического анализа, межотраслевых связей объектов) и специальные (сравнительноправовой, экономико-правовой) методы научного познания.</p><p>Авторы приходят к выводу об отсутствии оснований для рассмотрения смарт-контракта как нового классификационного элемента системы договорного регулирования (вид или тип договора). Кроме того, проведенный анализ показывает, что разрешение споров из смарт-контрактов посредством цифровых платформ остается радикально неопределенными и в настоящее время не создает явных преимуществ, в сравнении с традиционным судебным разбирательством.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>смарт-контракты</kwd><kwd>защита прав по смарт-контрактам</kwd><kwd>урегулирование споров</kwd><kwd>арбитраж</kwd><kwd>цифровые платформы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>smart-contract</kwd><kwd>protection of rights under smart-contracts</kwd><kwd>dispute resolution</kwd><kwd>arbitration</kwd><kwd>digital platforms</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buchwald, M. (2020). Smart contract dispute resolution: The inescapable flaws of blockchain-based arbitration. 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