dirightDigital Law JournalЦифровое право2686-9136Maxim Inozemtsev10.38044/2686-9136-2021-2-2-14-30diright-53Research ArticleARTICLESСТАТЬИDeconstruction of the legal personhood of artificial intelligenceДеконструкция правосубъектности или место искусственного интеллекта в правеСтепановС. К.StepanovS. K.

Аспирант кафедры международного частного и гражданского права им. С.Н. Лебедева, младший научный сотрудник кафедры управления активами 

119454, Россия, Москва, просп. Вернадского, 76

Semen K. Stepanov — PhD Student, Department of Private International and Civil Law, Junior Research Fellow, Department of Asset Management

76, ave. Vernadsky, Moscow, Russia, 119454

s.stepanov@inno.mgimo.ruМосковский государственный институт международных отношений (МГИМО-Университет) МИД РоссииРоссияMoscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO-University)Russian Federation202117072021221430Copyright © Stepanov S.K., 20212021Степанов С.К.Stepanov S.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.digitallawjournal.org/jour/article/view/53

Calls to rethink the content of “legal personhood” are increasingly being heard at the present time: to recognize animals, artificial intelligence, etc. as a subject. There are several explanations for this: firstly, a change in ideas about a person and their position in society, and secondly, attempts to rethink the traditional categories of law. Throughout long periods of history, the definition of legal personhood depended on the definition of subjective right; the subjective right was associated with the legally significant will of the person. Consequently, a change in views on the will theory of subjective right inevitably lead to a revision of the content of the person. The main purpose of this article is to determine the essence of the legal personhood. To do this, using the historical method, the evolution of ideas about the legal personhood is revealed. It is argued that Hohfeld’s approach to understanding subjective-legal structures made it possible to look differently at the content of the category of legal personhood: it became possible to recognize animals or artificial intelligence as the owners of various subjective-legal categories. Nevertheless, the logic of modern commentators, as well as supporters of such a flexible approach to the definition of legal personhood, is not free from shortcomings. Using the method of analytical jurisprudence, the author demonstrates the emerging problems.

В настоящее время в доктрине все чаще слышны призывы переосмыслить содержание категории субъектаправа: признать в качестве субъекта животных, искусственный интеллект и пр. Этому есть несколько объяснений, во-первых, изменение представлений о человеке и его положении в обществе, во-вторых, попытки переосмыслить традиционные категории права. На протяжении долгого исторического этапа определение содержания понятия субъекта права зависело от определения субъективного права, поскольку последнее связывали с юридически значимой волей субъекта. Следовательно, изменение воззрений на понятие субъективного права непременно приводит к пересмотру содержания самого субъекта. Основная цель статьи заключается в том, чтобы определить сущность категории субъекта права. Для этого с помощью исторического метода выявляется эволюция представлений о субъекте права. Утверждается, что подход У. Хофельда к пониманию субъективно-правовых структур позволил иначе взглянуть на содержание категории субъекта права: стало возможным признать в качестве обладателей различных субъективно-правовых категорий животных, искусственный интеллект. Тем не менее логика современных комментаторов У. Хофельда, а также сторонников столь гибкого подхода к определению правосубъектности не свободна от недостатков. Посредством метода аналитической юриспруденции автор демонстрирует возникающие проблемы.

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