dirightDigital Law JournalЦифровое право2686-9136Maxim Inozemtsev10.38044/2686-9136-2021-2-1-64-82diright-42Research ArticleARTICLESСТАТЬИInternational humanitarian law in cyberspace: Ratione materiae, ratione temporis and problem of cyber-attack qualificationМеждународное гуманитарное право в киберпространстве: Ratione materiae, ratione temporis и проблема квалификации кибератакhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1253-3157Гаркуша-БожкоС. ЮGarkusha-BozhkoS. Y.

Гаркуша-Божко С. Ю. — магистр международного права, юрисконсульт 

197110, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, Набережная Гребного канала, 10, стр. 1

Sergey Y. Garkusha-Bozhko — LLM in Law, Legal Advisor

1-10, Naberezhnaya Grebnogo Canala, St. Petersburg, Russia, 197110

garkusha-bozhko.sergej@yandex.ruШкола высшего спортивного мастерства по водным видам спорта имени Ю. С. ТюкаловаРоссияSchool of Higher Sportsmanship in Water Sports named after Y. S. TyukalovRussian Federation202121042021216482Copyright © Garkusha-Bozhko S.Y., 20212021Гаркуша-Божко С.Ю.Garkusha-Bozhko S.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.digitallawjournal.org/jour/article/view/42

The purpose of the article is to analyse problems arising from applying the rules of International Humanitarian Law in cyberspace, particularly the problems of ratione materiae and ratione temporis of this branch of Public International Law in cyberspace. The rapid development of cyber technologies that can be used within an armed conflict affirm the applicability of this research. The existence of “The Tallinn Manual 2.0” on International Law Applicable to Cyber Operations also confirms the impact of this topic on the modern world. The fact that parties in armed conflicts use new technologies in cyberspace does not affect the applicability of IHL rules to such military actions. In the context of this issue, a key question which instigates scientific discussion is that of which cyber operations are subject to the regulation of the law of cyber armed conflicts. The urgent need to study this problem stems from the fact that cyberspace is not an ordinary theatre of war, with the means and methods of warfare used in it being in no way related to the traditional use of armed force; given this quality of cyber operations, it is essential to understand which areas may be subject to IHL. The article analyses two main doctrinal points of view in relation to this problem; as this doctrine (in the context of this issue) also addresses the legal qualification of cyber-attacks, the article also raises this topical issue. Based on the results of this analysis, the author concludes that, despite all the evidence of theoretical conclusions regarding the problems under analysis, they still do not seem comprehensive due to the lack of relevant state practice, which needs to be developed.

Целью статьи является анализ таких проблем применения норм международного гуманитарного права (МГП) в киберпространстве, как проблема ratione materiae и ratione temporis данной отрасли международного публичного права в киберпространстве. Актуальность исследования подтверждается стремительным развитием информационных технологий, которые могут быть использованы в ходе вооруженного конфликта. Факт наличия «Таллиннского руководства 2.0» по международному праву, применимому к кибероперациям, также служит подтверждением актуальности настоящей темы. Использование сторонами вооруженного конфликта в киберпространстве новых технологий никак не влияет на применимость к таким военным действиям норм МГП. Какие именно кибероперации являются предметом регулирования права кибернетических вооруженных конфликтов? Этот вопрос, по нашему мнению, является ключевым. При этом киберпространство представляет собой не совсем обычный театр войны, поскольку средства и методы ведения военных действий никак не связаны с традиционным применением вооруженной силы. В статье уделяется внимание двум основным точкам зрения в отношении этой проблемы. В результате проведенного исследования автор приходит к выводу о том, что при всей очевидности теоретических выводов в отношении анализируемых проблем, они все равно не представляются всеобъемлющими в силу отсутствия соответствующей практики государств, которую необходимо развивать.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.