dirightDigital Law JournalЦифровое право2686-9136Maxim Inozemtsev10.38044/2686-9136-2020-1-4-56-73diright-33Research ArticleARTICLESСТАТЬИPersonalized Law and Fundamental RightsПерсонализированное право и фундаментальные праваМисостишховТ. З.MisostishkhovTembot Z.

Мисостишхов Т.З.  — магистр права

101000, Москва, ул. Мясницкая, 20

Tembot Z. Misostishkhov — LLM 

20, str. Myasnitskaya, Moscow, 101000

tembotmisostishkhov@mail.ruНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияNational Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University)Russian Federation202030122020145673Copyright © Misostishkhov T.Z., 20202020Мисостишхов Т.З.Misostishkhov T.Z.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.digitallawjournal.org/jour/article/view/33

In recent years, scholars have focused increased attention on the idea of personalized law. It suggests the creation and enforcement of individualized legal norms based on the algorithmic processing of data in the similar manner companies personalize their services using Big Data tools. The article aims to define the role and position of personalized law and to evaluate the risks and consequences of personalization in the context of the emerging digital economy. The research analyses the theoretical grounds of personalized law and justifies its interpretation from the perspective of Hart’s legal positivism striking a balance between the sociological facticity of law and normativism. The study reveals the content, essential features of personalized law and defines its concept. The author analyses the correlation of personalized law with fundamental rights, thus evaluating the risks and consequences of personalization. Particularly, the errors of the approximation of a person’s actual will could occur as part of algorithmic decision-making thereby resulting in discrimination. It appears reasonable that at the beginning, algorithmic personalization should cover only those domains which have the minimal risk of the violation of fundamental norms and of intrusion into the field of social debates. The study underscores, that the transparency of the public sector and of the data-based algorithmic decision-making process is crucial in the context of personalized law, but nevertheless could debase its idea due to opportunistic practices. The issues identified during the research lead one to suggest that professionals who have both legal education and expertise in computer sciences would be in demand in the future. Such professionals could perform the role of independent experts and neutral authority monitoring compliance with data subject’s rights.

В последние годы в научном сообществе возрос интерес к идее персонализированного права, предполагающего разработку и реализацию индивидуализированных правовых норм посредством алгоритмической обработки данных подобно тому, как компании персонализируют свои услуги с использованием технологий больших данных. Статья ставит целью определить место и роль персонализированного права, оценить риски и последствия персонализации в условиях становления цифровой экономики. В работе обосновывается теоретическая интерпретация персонализированного права сквозь призму концепции «мягкого позитивизма», обеспечивающего равновесие между социологической фактичностью права и нормативизмом. В исследовании раскрываются содержание и основные признаки, а также дается определение понятия «персонализированное право». Проводится анализ соотношения персонализированного права с фундаментальными правами, в рамках которого оцениваются риски и последствия персонализации. В частности, существует вероятность дискриминации вследствие ошибочного принятия решения алгоритмом вразрез с реальной волей лица. Алгоритмическая персонализация представляется оправданной на первых порах только в тех сферах правоотношений, где минимален риск нарушения фундаментальных норм и вторжения в пространство общественной дискуссии. Подчеркивается, что транспарентность публичного сектора и процесса принятия решения алгоритмом на основе данных имеет ключевое значение в условиях персонализированного права, но в то же время способна обесценить его вследствие оппортунистических практик. Обнаруженные вызовы приводят к выводу о востребованности в будущем профессионалов, обладающих фундаментальными правовыми знаниями и необходимым уровнем познания в области компьютерных наук, которые могут исполнить роль независимых экспертов и органа контроля, обеспечивающего права субъекта персональных данных.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.