dirightDigital Law JournalЦифровое право2686-9136Maxim Inozemtsev10.38044/2686-9136-2025-6-17diright-320Research ArticleARTICLESСТАТЬИArtificial Intelligence and Liability: Exploring Legal Challenges and Responsibility in AI Decision-Making and Autonomous SystemsОтветственность искусственного интеллекта: правовые вызовы в процессе принятия решений с помощью ИИ и автономных системhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-5686-230XАфувапеК. О.AfuwapeK. O.

магистр права (Университет Данди, Шотландия, Соединенное Королевство), магистр права (Государственный университет Лагоса, Нигерия), преподаватель

131001, Индия, Сонипат, п. Джагдишпур, ш. Сонипат Нарела

Kolawole O. Afuwape — LL.M. (University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom), LL.M. (Lagos State University, Nigeria), Lecturer, Jindal Global Law School

Sonipat Narela Road, Jagdishpur Village, Sonipat, India, 131001

afuwapekolawole@gmail.comГлобальный университет им. О. П. ДжиндалаИндияO.P. Jindal Global UniversityIndia2025050620266482100Copyright © Afuwape K.O., 20262026Афувапе К.О.Afuwape K.O.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.digitallawjournal.org/jour/article/view/320

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) across a wide range of economic sectors, including transportation, healthcare, and finance, has significantly transformed decision-making processes and operational efficiency. At the same time, increasing reliance on AI has generated new legal challenges, particularly with respect to accountability and sanctions. Central issues include decisional responsibility, algorithmic transparency, and data regulation, especially in relation to bias. Traditional legal frameworks, which were developed to govern human conduct, are poorly equipped to address the self-learning capabilities, unpredictability, and opacity of AI systems. This paper examines the emerging concept of shared responsibility within multi-stakeholder AI ecosystems, in which liability may extend across developers, manufacturers, operators, and users. It analyzes product liability principles and the allocation of accountability in cases where AI systems cause harm. Particular emphasis is placed on the need to adapt legal frameworks to keep pace with the rapid evolution of AI technologies, ensuring flexibility, resilience, and alignment with international legal standards. The European Union’s AI Act is examined as a case study illustrating efforts to address accountability gaps while promoting ethical guidelines to strengthen public trust. Through the use of case studies and hypothetical scenarios, this paper highlights the importance of transparency and fairness in managing the legal implications of AI. Finally, it advocates for closer collaboration between computer science and law to bridge gaps in AI literacy, product development, and regulation. By addressing contemporary challenges and proposing legal responses, this paper offers a coherent framework for managing liability in the age of artificial intelligence.

Быстрая интеграция искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) в широкий спектр секторов экономики, включая транспорт, здравоохранение и финансы, значительно изменила процессы принятия решений и операционную эффективность. В то же время растущая зависимость от ИИ породила новые правовые проблемы, особенно в отношении ответственности. К центральным вопросам относятся ответственность за принятие решений, прозрачность алгоритмов и регулирование данных, особенно в связи с предвзятостью. Традиционные правовые рамки, разработанные для регулирования поведения людей, плохо приспособлены для решения проблем, связанных с самообучающимися способностями, непредсказуемостью и непрозрачностью систем ИИ. В данной статье рассматривается новая концепция совместной ответственности в многосторонних экосистемах ИИ, в которых ответственность может распространяться на разработчиков, производителей, операторов и пользователей. Анализируются принципы ответственности за качество продукции и распределение ответственности в случаях, когда системы ИИ причиняют вред. Особое внимание уделяется необходимости адаптации правовых рамок к быстрому развитию технологий ИИ, обеспечению гибкости, устойчивости и соответствия международным правовым стандартам. Закон Европейского союза об ИИ рассматривается в качестве примера, иллюстрирующего усилия по устранению пробелов в ответственности при одновременном продвижении этических принципов для укрепления доверия общественности. С помощью конкретных примеров и гипотетических сценариев в данной статье подчеркивается важность прозрачности и справедливости в правовом регулировании ИИ. В заключение статья выступает за более тесное сотрудничество между компьютерными науками и правом с целью устранения пробелов в знаниях об ИИ, разработке продуктов и регулировании. Рассматривая современные вызовы и предлагая правовые решения, данная статья предлагает последовательную структуру для регулирования ответственности в эпоху искусственного интеллекта.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.