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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diright</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Digital Law Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цифровое право</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2686-9136</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Maxim Inozemtsev</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.38044/2686-9136-2025-6-7</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diright-292</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The concept of free transfer of digital rights from the perspective of the obligor’s will</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Концепт свободного перехода цифрового права в ракурсе учета воли обязанного лица</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4728-5301</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поваров</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Povarov</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат юридических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры гражданского и предпринимательского права</p><p>443086, Самара, Московское шоссе, 34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Iurii S. Povarov — Ph.D. in Law, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Civil and Entrepreneurial law</p><p>34, Moscow highway, Samara, 443086</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">povus@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Самарский национальный исследовательский университет имени академика С. П. Королева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara National Research University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>112</fpage><lpage>126</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Povarov I.S., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Поваров Ю.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Povarov I.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.digitallawjournal.org/jour/article/view/292">https://www.digitallawjournal.org/jour/article/view/292</self-uri><abstract><p>A basic postulate of the civil transfer and exchange of digital assets consists in the rule according to which their transfer on the basis of a transaction is not subject to agreement with the obligated party (Article 141.1(3) of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). However, the interpretation of this legal provision gives rise to certain difficulties in both doctrine and practice. Moreover, the very idea of the universalism of the concept of free (in the context of the indifference of the opinion of the debtor or other obligated party) circulation of digital rights can be subject to criticism. The present study sets out to establish the legal significance of this concept in primary terms of the (in)expediency of giving it an unconditional character. For this purpose, a comprehensive analysis of the content of the norm of Article 141.1(3) of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (in conjunction with other legislative provisions regarding the transfer of property rights and the functioning of information systems) is carried out on the basis of general scientific (formal and dialectical logic) and specific scientific (legal-dogmatic, comparative legal, interpretation of legal norms) methods along with the rules of information systems developed by individual operators. The presented analysis of the general meaning and limitations of the scope of the norm of Article 141.1(3) of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation reveals the critical problem of the (un) reasonableness of its qualification. The inadequacy of the differentiation of the modes of transfer of digital rights (in terms of taking into account the opinion of the obligated person) based on the legal and factual basis (transaction or occurrence of circumstances provided for by law) consists in the impossibility of demonstrating that the norm under study cannot abrogate the need to obtain the consent of subjects other than the person obligated under the digital right. The absence of indisputable factors for qualifying the rule as imperative is demonstrated in terms of the exercise and disposal of digital rights solely in the information system without recourse to a third party and not determining the inadmissibility of introducing a permit-based procedure. Since the existence of political and legal grounds for refusing to perceive the concept of free transfer of digital rights as unconditional must be acknowledged, the fundamental acceptability of decentralized regulation of issues of coordinating the conclusion of a transaction with an obligated party is confirmed. The secondary nature of local regulation of the conditions for the circulation of digital rights in the rules of the information system is substantiated in terms of necessity for such conditions to be determined by the parties to the agreement).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Базовым постулатом гражданского оборота цифровых прав выступает правило, в силу которого их переход на основании сделки не подлежит согласованию с обязанным лицом (п. 3 ст. 141.1 ГК РФ). Однако толкование данного законоположения вызывает определенные затруднения в доктрине и на практике. Сверх того, критике порою подвергается и сама идея универсальности концепта свободной (в контексте индифферентности мнения должника или иного обязанного лица) циркуляции цифровых прав. Основной целью исследования является установление юридического значения указанного концепта, прежде всего в ракурсе (не)целесообразности придания ему безусловного характера. Для этого автор, применяя общенаучные (формально-логический и диалектический) и частнонаучные (юридико-догматический, сравнительно-правовой, метод толкования правовых норм) методы, проводит комплексный анализ п. 3 ст. 141.1 ГК РФ (в сопряжении с иными законодательными предписаниями касательно перехода имущественных прав и функционирования информационных систем), а также изучает правила информационных систем, разработанные отдельными операторами. При этом в статье раскрываются общий смысл и ограничения сферы действия нормы п. 3 ст. 141.1 ГК РФ, обсуждается проблема (не)обоснованности ее квалификации как императивной. Автор указывает на ущербность дифференциации режимов перехода цифровых прав (в аспекте учета мнения обязанного лица), исходя из юридико-фактической основы (сделка или наступление предусмотренных законом обстоятельств). Подчеркивается, что исследуемая норма не блокирует необходимость получения согласия других, нежели обязанное по цифровому праву лицо, субъектов. Доказывается отсутствие бесспорных факторов для квалификации правила п. 3 ст. 141.1 ГК РФ как императивного (поскольку, в частности, возможность осуществления и распоряжения цифровыми правами сугубо в информационной системе без обращения к третьему лицу не детерминирует недопустимость введения разрешительного порядка). В работе признается наличие политико-правовых оснований для отказа от восприятия концепта свободного трансферта цифровых прав как безусловного. Соответственно, заявляется о принципиальной приемлемости децентрализованного регулирования вопросов согласования совершения сделки с обязанным лицом; при этом обосновывается вторичный характер локальной регламентации обращения цифровых прав в правилах информационной системы (ибо в конечном счете речь должна идти об определении его условий участниками договора).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обращение цифровых прав</kwd><kwd>переход цифрового права</kwd><kwd>обязанное лицо</kwd><kwd>должник</kwd><kwd>согласие на совершение сделки</kwd><kwd>императивная норма</kwd><kwd>диспозитивная норма</kwd><kwd>правила информационной системы</kwd><kwd>децентрализованное регулирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>circulation of digital rights</kwd><kwd>transfer of digital rights</kwd><kwd>obligated party</kwd><kwd>debtor</kwd><kwd>consent to transaction</kwd><kwd>imperative norm</kwd><kwd>dispositive norm</kwd><kwd>rules of an information system</kwd><kwd>decentralized regulation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agibalova, E. 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