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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diright</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Digital Law Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цифровое право</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2686-9136</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Maxim Inozemtsev</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.38044/2686-9136-2024-5-3-2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diright-253</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Liability of Marketplaces: A Comparative Analysis of Legal Approaches in the USA and France</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ответственность маркетплейсов: сравнительный анализ правовых подходов США и Франции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6714-8447</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Онянова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Onianova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент факультета права</p><p>109028, Москва, Большой Трехсвятительский пер., 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Onianova — Student, Faculty of Law </p><p>3, Bolshoi Trekhsviatitelskii pereulok, Moscow, 109028</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">onyanovaanya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Onianova A.A., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Онянова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Onianova A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.digitallawjournal.org/jour/article/view/253">https://www.digitallawjournal.org/jour/article/view/253</self-uri><abstract><p>The article analyzes two opposing approaches to the liability of marketplaces for the sale of defective products in the U.S. and France. The purpose of the study is to compare these models of regulation and identify the peculiarities of the legal status of online platforms in these jurisdictions. The first part of the paper considers the American approach, according to which marketplaces can be held liable for the goods they sell. Doctrinal arguments that justify the possibility of qualifying marketplaces as responsible actors are presented. At the same time, it is emphasized that this approach has developed mainly at the level of case law and has not yet been reflected in legislation. The second part analyzes the French approach that assigns marketplaces the status of intermediaries who are not responsible for the quality of products sold. The key example is a case in which one of the largest marketplaces in Europe, Fnac, was exempted from liability for selling defective products. The author critically analyzes this decision, noting the paradox of French regulation: initially oriented towards enhanced consumer protection, it tends to weaken it in the context of marketplaces. Special attention is paid to the doctrinal distinction between obligations of results and obligations of means. Applying the criteria developed in the doctrine to the circumstances of the case at hand allows us to conclude that the obligation of the marketplace corresponds to the model of the obligation of results. Finally, based on the comparison of different legal regimes, a conclusion is drawn about the advisability of applying Article 1240 of the French Civil Code as a basis for holding the aggregator liable.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Статья посвящена анализу двух противоположных подходов к ответственности маркетплейсов за продажу некачественных товаров в США и Франции. Цель исследования — сравнение данных моделей регулирования и выявление особенностей правового статуса онлайн-платформ в этих юрисдикциях. В первой части работы рассматривается американский подход, в рамках которого маркетплейсы могут привлекаться к ответственности за реализуемые товары. Приводятся доктринальные аргументы, обосновывающие возможность квалификации маркетплейсов в качестве ответственных субъектов. При этом подчеркивается, что соответствующий подход сформировался преимущественно на уровне судебной практики и пока не получил отражения в законодательстве. Во второй части анализируется французский подход, закрепляющий за маркетплейсами статус посредников, не несущих ответственности за качество реализуемых товаров. Например, один из крупнейших маркетплейсов Европы (Fnac) был освобожден от ответственности за продажу дефектной продукции. Автор подвергает критическому анализу данное решение, отмечая парадокс французского регулирования: изначально ориентированное на усиленную защиту потребителей, оно в контексте маркетплейсов демонстрирует тенденцию к ее ослаблению. Отдельное внимание уделяется доктринальному разграничению обязательств по достижению результата и по приложению усилий. Применение выработанных в доктрине критериев к обстоятельствам рассматриваемого дела позволяет заключить, что обязательство маркетплейса соответствует модели обязательства по достижению результата. Наконец, на основании сопоставления различных правовых режимов делается вывод о целесообразности применения ст. 1240 ФГК для привлечения агрегатора к ответственности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>статус маркетплейсов</kwd><kwd>ответственность маркетплейсов</kwd><kwd>защита прав потребителей</kwd><kwd>некачественный товар</kwd><kwd>обязательства по достижению результата</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>status of marketplaces</kwd><kwd>marketplace liability</kwd><kwd>consumer protection</kwd><kwd>defective product</kwd><kwd>obligations of results</kwd><kwd>product liability</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akifyeva, A. A. (2015). 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