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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diright</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Digital Law Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цифровое право</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2686-9136</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Maxim Inozemtsev</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.38044/2686-9136-2024-5-2-1</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diright-217</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Conceptual approaches to defining digital objects and digital assets</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Подходы к определению цифрового объекта и цифрового актива</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шипикова</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shipikova</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>соискатель, кафедра интеграционного права и прав человека; судья </p><p>119454, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 76</p><p>107076, Москва, ул. Богородский Вал, 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna G. Shipikova — Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Integration Law and Human Rights; Judge</p><p>76, ave. Vernadsky, Moscow, Russia, 119454</p><p>8, Bogorodsky Val str., Moscow, Russia, 107076</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shipikova-@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) МИД России; Московский городской суд<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO-University); Moscow City Court<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Shipikova A.G., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шипикова А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shipikova A.G.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.digitallawjournal.org/jour/article/view/217">https://www.digitallawjournal.org/jour/article/view/217</self-uri><abstract><p>The development of digital technologies has led to the emergence of new objects of law and legal relations, the understanding of which is necessary to ensure the implementation of human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the right to property and the right to respect for human dignity. Among the main objects that have arisen as a result of the development of digital technologies are digital objects and assets. The purpose of this article is to attempt to formulate the concept of a “digital object”, conduct a comparative study of approaches to defining the concept of a “digital asset”, highlight the key features of the concept of a “digital asset”, propose approaches to determining the relationship between the concepts of a “digital object” and a “digital asset”, which will contribute to the development of legal regulation in the context of the digitalization of society. The approaches to defining the concepts of a “digital object” and a “digital asset” contained in doctrinal sources both in the Russian Federation and abroad (USA, Great Britain, Germany) are analyzed. An analysis of these categories contained in regulatory sources, including at the level of international organizations and interstate integration associations, is carried out. The study used dogmatic and formal-logical methods, an axiological approach and a comparison method. Based on the results of the analysis, definitions of the concepts of “digital object”, “digital asset”, and approaches to their relationship are proposed. The essential characteristics of such a category as “digital asset” are identified based on the materials developed at the level of the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT), the CIS, and the European Institute of Law, and the common features and differences between the concepts of “digital object” and “digital asset” are analyzed. A conclusion is formulated that a digital object can be considered as a general, generic concept that includes digital assets and other objects, such as social media accounts, email accounts, while an essential, constitutive feature of a digital asset is the concept of control over a digital asset.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Развитие цифровых технологий привело к появлению новых объектов права и правоотношений, осмысление которых необходимо для обеспечения реализации прав и основных свобод человека, в том числе права собственности и права на уважение человеческого достоинства. Среди основных объектов, возникших в результате развития цифровых технологий, цифровые объекты и активы. Цель настоящей статьи — предпринять попытку сформулировать понятие «цифровой объект», провести сравнительное исследование подходов к определению понятия «цифровой актив», выделить ключевые признаки понятия «цифровой актив», предложить подходы к определению соотношения понятий «цифровой объект» и «цифровой актив», что будет способствовать развитию правового регулирования в условиях цифровизации общества. В ходе исследования проанализированы подходы к определению понятий «цифровой объект» и «цифровой актив», содержащиеся в доктринальных источниках как в Российской Федерации, так и за рубежом (США, Великобритании, Германии). Проведен анализ указанных категорий, содержащихся в нормативных источниках, в том числе на уровне международных организаций и межгосударственных интеграционных объединений. При исследовании использовались догматический и формально-логический методы, аксиологический подход и метод сравнения. По итогам проведенного анализа предложены определения понятий «цифровой объект», «цифровой актив», подходы к их соотношению. Выделены сущностные характеристики такой категории, как «цифровой актив», на основе материалов, разработанных на уровне Международного института унификации частного права (УНИДРУА), СНГ, Европейского института права, проанализированы общие черты и различия понятий «цифровой объект» и «цифровой актив». Сформулирован вывод о том, что цифровой объект можно рассматривать как общее, родовое понятие, включающее в себя в том числе цифровые активы и другие объекты, например аккаунты в социальных сетях, аккаунты электронной почты, при этом, существенным, конституирующим признаком цифрового актива является понятие контроля в отношении цифрового актива.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цифровой объект</kwd><kwd>цифровой актив</kwd><kwd>цифровизация</kwd><kwd>правовое регулирование</kwd><kwd>права человека</kwd><kwd>право собственности</kwd><kwd>частное право</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>digital object</kwd><kwd>digital asset</kwd><kwd>digitalization</kwd><kwd>legal regulation</kwd><kwd>human rights</kwd><kwd>property rights</kwd><kwd>private law</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Armstrong, D., &amp; Samuels, M. (2022). 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