<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diright</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Digital Law Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цифровое право</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2686-9136</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Maxim Inozemtsev</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.38044/2686-9136-2022-3-3-58-78</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diright-117</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Conclusion and performance of commercial contracts with the use of information technologies</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Использование информационных технологий при заключении торговых договоров и исполнении обязательств из них</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филиппова</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filippova</surname><given-names>S. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор юридических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры коммерческого права и основ правоведения юридического факультета,</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>доктор юридических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры коммерческого права и основ правоведения юридического факультета,</p><p>1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">filippovasy@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Filippova S.Y., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Филиппова С.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Filippova S.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.digitallawjournal.org/jour/article/view/117">https://www.digitallawjournal.org/jour/article/view/117</self-uri><abstract><p>The article attempts to evaluate the possibilities of using blockchain and smart contract technologies, as well as big data and artificial intelligence technologies in traditional commercial contracts. In addition, the author illustrates the legal risks of using information technologies and the limits of their implementation in the field of contract law. The goal chosen by the author predetermined the use of the formal legal method in the analysis of the current legal norms. At the same time, it is impossible to imagine the search for answers to the questions without referring to the comparative legal method: in the article, the author refers to the views of English and American scholars when considering the problems of using artificial intelligence technology in commercial contracts.</p><p>As a result of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that firstly smart contracts designed for automatic transactions on the Internet do not allow moving real goods in the real world, therefore the scope of their use is only limited to the conclusion, but not to the execution of contracts of sale. Secondly, a smart contract can completely supplant traditional contracts and obligations in mediation contracts aimed at performing only legal actions. Thirdly, there is a problem of ensuring the right to privacy when using big data, therefore, the commercial use of the collected data, though does improve sales, violates basic human rights. And finally, the mastered capabilities for automating the processes of selecting counterparties, determining and changing storage conditions, tracking the balance of goods in the warehouse, etc., allow author to discuss the potentially great possibilities of using AI in commerce. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье предпринята попытка оценить возможности использования технологий блокчейн и смартконтракта, больших данных и технологии искусственного интеллекта в классических договорах, опосредующих коммерческий оборот. Кроме того, автор иллюстрирует правовые риски использования информационных технологий и пределы их внедрения в сферу договорного права. Выбранная автором цель предопределила использование формально-юридического метода при анализе действующих норм права. При этом поиск ответов на заданные вопросы невозможно представить без обращения к сравнительно-правовому методу: в статье автор обращается к воззрениям английских и американских ученых при рассмотрении проблем использования технологии искусственного интеллекта в коммерческих договорах.</p><p>В результате исследования автор приходит к выводам о том, что (1) смарт-контракты, предназначенные для автоматических трансакций в сети Интернет, не позволяют перемещать реальные товары в реальном мире, поэтому сфера их использования ограничивается только заключением, но не исполнением реализационных договоров; (2) в посреднических договорах, направленных на совершение только юридических действий, смарт-контракт может полностью вытеснить классические договоры и обязательства; (3) при использовании больших данных встает проблема обеспечения права на неприкосновенность частной жизни, поэтому коммерческое использование собранных данных хотя и улучшает сбыт товаров, но ущемляет основные права человека; (4) освоенные возможности по автоматизации отбора контрагентов, определению и изменению условий хранения, по отслеживанию остатков товаров на складе и пр. позволяют говорить о потенциально больших возможностях ИИ в коммерческом обороте. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коммерческие договоры</kwd><kwd>электронная торговля</kwd><kwd>коммерческое право</kwd><kwd>Интернет</kwd><kwd>смарт-контракт</kwd><kwd>блокчейн</kwd><kwd>большие данные</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>commercial contracts</kwd><kwd>electronic commerce</kwd><kwd>commercial law</kwd><kwd>Internet</kwd><kwd>smart contract</kwd><kwd>blockchain</kwd><kwd>big data</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Begishev, I. R., &amp; Khisamova, Z. I. (2018). Kriminologicheskiye riski primeneniya iskusstvennogo intellekta. Russian Journal of Criminology, 12(6), 767–775. https://doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2018.12(6).767-775.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Begishev, I. R., &amp; Khisamova, Z. I. (2018). Criminological risks of using artificial intelligence. Russian Journal of Criminology, 12(6), 767–775. https://doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2018.12(6).767-775.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Churilov, A. Y. (2021). Pravovoye regulirovaniye primeneniya tekhnologii blockchain. Yustitsinform.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Churilov, A. Y. (2021). Legal regulation of the use of blockchain technology. Yustitsinform.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Filippova, S. Y. (2013). Instrumental’nyy podkhod v nauke chastnogo prava. Statute.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filippova, S. Y. (2013). Instrumental approach in the science of private law. Statute.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Filippova, S. Y. (2017a). Funktsii nauki grazhdanskogo prava. Pravovedenie, 61(4), 102–136. https://pravovedenie.spbu.ru/article/view/6789</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filippova, S. Y. (2017a). Functions of the civil law science. Pravovedenie, 61(4), 102–136. https://pravovedenie.spbu.ru/article/view/6789</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Filippova, S. Y. (2017b). Tsivilisticheskaya nauka Rossii: Stanovleniye, funktsii, metodologiya [Civil science of Russia: Formation, functions, methodology]. Statute.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filippova, S. Y. (2017b). Civil science of Russia: Formation, functions, methodology. Statute.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaplan, A. &amp; Haenlein, M. (2018). Siri, Siri, in my hand: Who’s the fairest in the land? On the interpretations, illustrations, and implications of artificial intelligence. Business Horizons, 62(1), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2018.08.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaplan, A. &amp; Haenlein, M. (2018). Siri, Siri, in my hand: Who’s the fairest in the land? On the interpretations, illustrations, and implications of artificial intelligence. Business Horizons, 62(1), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2018.08.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kartskhiya, A. A. (2019). Tsifrovaya transformatsiya prava. Monitoring pravoprimeneniya, (1), 26–27. https://doi.org/10.21681/2226-0692-2019-1-25-29</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kartskhiya, A. A. (2019). Digital transformation of law. Monitoring pravoprimeneniya, (1), 26–27. https://doi.org/10.21681/2226-0692-2019-1-25-29</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khalfina, R. O. (1975). Pravo i khozraschet. Yuridicheskaya Literature.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khalfina, R. O. (1975). Law and cost accounting. Yuridicheskaya Literature.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Korovnikova, N. A. (2021). Iskusstvennyy intellekt v obrazovatel’nom prostranstve: Problemy i perspektivy. Sotsial’nyye Novatsii i Sotsial’nyye Nauki, (2), 98–113. https://doi.org/10.31249/snsn/2021.02.07,10.31249/snss/2021.02.08</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korovnikova, N. A. (2021). Artificial intelligence in the educational space: Problems and prospects. Sotsial’nyye Novatsii i Sotsial’nyye Nauki, (2), 98–113. https://doi.org/10.31249/snsn/2021.02.07, 10.31249/snss/2021.02.08</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laptev, V. A., &amp; Tarasenko, O. A. (Eds.). (2020). Tsifrovaya ekonomika: Kontseptual’nyye osnovy pravovogo regulirovaniya biznesa v Rossii. Prospekt.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laptev, V. A., &amp; Tarasenko, O. A. (Eds.). (2020). Digital economy: Conceptual foundations of legal regulation of business in Russia. Prospekt.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lapteva, A. M. (2019). Pravovoy rezhim tsifrovykh aktivov (na primere Big Data). Zhurnal Rossiyskogo Prava, (4), 93–104. https://doi.org/10.12737/art_2019_4_8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lapteva, A. M. (2019). Legal regime of the digital assets (on Example Big Data). Zhurnal Rossiyskogo Prava, (4), 93–104. https://doi.org/10.12737/art_2019_4_8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Puginskiy, B. I. (2008). Teoriya i praktika dogovornogo regulirovaniya. IKD «Zertsalo M».</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puginskiy, B. I. (2008). Theory and practice of contractual regulation. IKD «Zertsalo M».</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Puginskiy, B. I. (2013). Kommercheskoye pravo Rossii. IKD «Zertsalo M».</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puginskiy, B. I. (2013). Commercial law of Russia. IKD «Zertsalo M».</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sannikova, L. V. (2019). Blokcheyn v korporativnom upravlenii: Problemy i perspektivy. Pravo i Ekonomika, 4(374), 27–36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sannikova, L. V. (2019). Blockchain in corporate governance: Challenges and opportunities. Pravo i Ekonomika, 4(374), 27–36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sannikova, L. V., &amp; Kharitonova, Y. S. (2020). Tsifrovyye aktivy: Pravovoy analiz. 4 Print.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sannikova, L. V., &amp; Kharitonova, Y. S. (2020). Digital assets: Legal analysis. 4 Print.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Savelyev, A. I. (2016). Dogovornoye pravo 2.0: “Umnyye” kontrakty kak nachalo kontsa klassicheskogo dogovornogo prava. Vestnik Grazhdanskogo Prava, 16(3), 32–60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savelyev, A. I. (2016). Contract law 2.0: Smart contracts as the beginning of the end of classical contract law. Vestnik Grazhdanskogo Prava, 16(3), 32–60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Savelyev, A. I. (2017). Nekotoryye pravovyye aspekty ispol’zovaniya smart-kontraktov blokcheyn-tekhnologiy po rossiyskomu pravu. Zakon, (5), 94–117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savelyev, A. I. (2017). Some legal aspects of implementation of Smart contracts and blockchain technologies under Russian law. Zakon, (5), 94–117.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Savelyev, A. I. (2018). Napravleniya regulirovaniya bol’shikh dannykh i zashchita neprikosnovennosti chastnoy zhizni v novykh ekonomicheskikh realiyakh. Zakon, (5), 122–144.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savelyev, A. I. (2018). Directions of regulation of Big Data and protection of privacy in the new economic realities. Zakon, (5), 122–144.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szabo, N. (1997). Formalizing and securing relationships on public Networks. First Monday, 2(9). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v2i9.548</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szabo, N. (1997). Formalizing and securing relationships on public Networks. First Monday, 2(9). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v2i9.548</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turing, A. (1950). Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind, New Series, 59(236), 433–460.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turing, A. (1950). Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind, New Series, 59(236), 433–460.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uvarov, A. A., &amp; Uvarov, A. A. (2020). Problemy ispol’zovaniya tsifrovykh tekhnologiy pri realizatsii prav i svobod grazhdan. Law and Digital Economy, 2(08), 5–11. https://doi.org/10.17803/2618-8198.2020.08.2.005-011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uvarov, A. A., &amp; Uvarov, A. A. (2020). Problems of the use of digital technologies in enforcement of the citizens rights and freedoms. Law and Digital Economy, 2(08), 5–11. https://doi.org/10.17803/2618-8198.2020.08.2.005-011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zaynutdinova, E. V. (2020). Smart-kontrakt: Vozniknoveniye i razvitiye v grazhdanskom prave. Predprinimatel’skoye Pravo, (3), 25–32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaynutdinova, E. V. (2020). Smart contract: The origination and development in civil law. Predprinimatel’skoye Pravo, (3), 25–32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
