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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diright</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Digital Law Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цифровое право</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2686-9136</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Maxim Inozemtsev</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.38044/2686-9136-2022-3-2-36-50</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diright-108</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Digital art in light of NFT: Market power and legal uncertainty</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цифровое искусство в контексте NFT: роль рынка и правовая неопределенность</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулакова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulakova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студент магистратуры Юридического института</p><p>600000, Владимир, ул. Горького, 87</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga S. Kulakova — LLM student, Institute of Law, Vladimir State University named after A. G. and N. G. Stoletov</p><p>87, Gorkogo st., Vladimir, 600000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">okulakova19@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Владимирский государственный университет имени А. Г. и Н. Г. Столетовых</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vladimir State University named after A. G. and N. G. Stoletov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kulakova O.S., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кулакова О.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kulakova O.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.digitallawjournal.org/jour/article/view/108">https://www.digitallawjournal.org/jour/article/view/108</self-uri><abstract><p>Digital art is the result of creative activity practiced in the virtual space.</p><p> There is no unified concept of digital art in Russia, and there is no legislative consolidation of this term. In this regard, attempts to find an answer to what digital art is and what rights its acquirer has are topical issues of Russian legal science. At the same time, under the influence of technology, as a result of the development of the blockchain, new ways of handling digital art objects have appeared. The appearance of non-fungible tokens (NFT) causes a lot of legal problems. The study of these problems is the most important task for modern lawyers. The purpose of the study is to identify the legal qualification of digital art objects. In this regard, the author sets the task to study the structure of NFT as an object of civil law. The purpose of the article is also to identify potential risks for intellectual property rights holders when issuing NFT.</p><p>The methodology of this research is based on the use of a set of general scientific methods and specific methods of analysis used in legal science: system-structural method, system-functional, induction and deduction, analogy, method of formal logic and system approach. In particular, the dialectical method provides an opportunity to systematically explore the unity of social content and legal form of art objects in the digital space. The formal legal method makes it possible to form legal categories by highlighting the main features of phenomena related to research questions.</p><p>The author has made assumptions about the legal nature of digital art and NFT, as well as their place in the system of intellectual property law. The author has come to the conclusion that crypto art is one of the types of digital art. A specific feature of cryptographic art objects is that their emergence and existence is possible only in blockchain. As a result of the conducted research, it has been revealed that not all NFTs connected to art objects are crypto-art objects in digital commerce.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Результаты творческого труда, доступные для публичного обозрения посредством их трансляции в информационной среде, получили название цифровое искусство (digital art, цифровое искусство). На сегодня не сформировано унифицированного понятия цифрового искусства, не существует законодательного закрепления данного термина. Попытки найти ответ на то, что такое цифровое искусство и какие права имеет его приобретатель, сегодня являются актуальными вопросами юридической науки. В то же время технология блокчейн позволила создать новые способы обращения цифровых объектов искусства. Появление NFT, в свою очередь, также актуализировало м ножество спорных вопросов в современной юридической науке.</p><p>Целью исследования является правовая квалификация предметов искусства в условиях развития рынка NFT. В связи с этим автор ставит перед собой задачи: изучить структуру NFT как объекта гражданского права и рассмотреть потенциальные риски для правообладателей интеллектуальной собственности при приобретении NFT.</p><p>Методология данного исследования основана на использовании совокупности общенаучных методов и специальных м етодов познания: системно-структурный м етод, системно-функциональный, индукция и дедукция, аналогия, формально-логический метод, системный подход. В частности, в работе широко использовался диалектический метод, который дал возможность исследовать проблемы в единстве их социального содержания и правовой формы, провести системный анализ правовых норм в сфере обращения предметов искусства в цифровом пространстве. Формально-правовой метод позволил определить правовые категории путем выделения основных особенностей явлений и процессов, связанных с вопросами исследования.</p><p>Автор данной работы сделал предположения о правовой природе цифрового искусства и NFT, их месте в системе права интеллектуальной собственности. Автор пришел к выводу, что крипто-арт является одним из видов цифрового искусства. Специфической чертой предметов криптографического искусства является то, что они создаются и существуют непосредственно в блокчейн. При этом автор пришел к выводу, что не все NFT, связанные с объектом искусства, выступают в качестве крипто-арта в гражданском обороте.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цифровое искусство</kwd><kwd>право интеллектуальной собственности</kwd><kwd>интеллектуальные права</kwd><kwd>NFT</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>digital art</kwd><kwd>intellectual property law</kwd><kwd>copyright</kwd><kwd>NFT</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brisov, Y. V., &amp; Pobedkin, A. A. (2022). Legal regime of NFT (non-fungible token) in Russia: How to work in the absence of special legislative regulation? Digital Law Journal, 3(1), 44–66. https://doi.org/10.38044/2686-9136-2022-3-1-44-66</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brisov, Y. V., &amp; Pobedkin, A. A. (2022). 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